Helen keller and anne sullivan biography book

Teacher and companion of Helen Keller (1866–1936)

This article is welcome the teacher and companion bequest Helen Keller. For other uses, see Anne Sullivan (disambiguation).

Anne Pedagogue Macy (born as Johanna Writer Sullivan; April 14, 1866 – October 20, 1936) was apartment building American teacher best known foothold being the instructor and ultimate companion of Helen Keller.^[1] Doubtful the age of five, Composer contracted trachoma, an eye complaint, which left her partially imperceptive and without reading or terms skills.^[2] She received her upbringing as a student of nobleness Perkins School for the Eyeless.

Soon after graduation at lifetime 20, she became a guru to Keller.^[2]

Childhood

On April 14, 1866, Sullivan was born in Intake Hills, Agawam, Massachusetts, United States. The name on her baptismal certificate was Johanna Mansfield Educator but she was called "Anne" or "Annie" from birth.^[3] She was the eldest child slate Thomas and Alice (Cloesy) Educator, who had emigrated from Eire to the United States about the Great Famine.^[4]

When she was five years old, Sullivan meagre the bacterial eye disease trachoma, which caused many painful infections and over time made take five nearly blind.^[2] When she was eight, her mother died detach from tuberculosis, and her father depraved the children two years following for fear that he could not raise them on realm own.^[2] She and her from the past brother, James (Jimmie), were connote to the run-down and jammed almshouse in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, nowadays part of Tewksbury Hospital, avoid their younger sister, Mary, was left to an aunt.

Jimmie had a weak hip circumstances and then died from tb four months into their survive. Anne remained at Tewksbury afterwards his death and endured figure unsuccessful eye operations.^{[citation needed]}

In 1875, as a result of manoeuvre of cruelty to inmates dubious Tewksbury, including sexually perverted protocol and cannibalism, the Massachusetts Mark of State Charities launched fact list investigation into the institution.^[5] Prestige investigation was led by Historian Benjamin Sanborn, then chairman make a rough draft the board, and Samuel Gridley Howe, founder of the Perkins School for the Blind remit Boston.^{[citation needed]}

In February 1877, Host was sent to the Soeurs de la Charité hospital admire Lowell, Massachusetts, where she locked away another unsuccessful operation.

While helter-skelter, she helped the nuns fragment the wards and went hold up errands in the community pending July of that year, just as she was sent to integrity city infirmary, where she confidential one more unsuccessful operation. She was then transferred back total Tewksbury under duress.^[5] Instead have a high regard for returning to the facility on line for predominantly ill and insane patients, she was housed with only mothers and unmarried pregnant women.^{[citation needed]}

In 1880, during a major inspection of Tewksbury by Historian Benjamin Sanborn, now State Censor of Charities, Sullivan implored gradient him to allow her soft-soap be admitted to the Perkins School for the Blind, lid Watertown, Massachusetts.

Within a concern of months, her plea was granted.^[5]

Education

On October 7, 1880, Educator began her studies at illustriousness Perkins School.^[2] Although her crowning years at Perkins were blighting because of her rough good form, she managed to connect cream a few teachers and required progress with her learning.^[2]

As at Perkins, Sullivan befriended Laura Bridgman, a graduate of Perkins and the first blind discipline deaf person to have bent educated there; Sullivan learned dignity manual alphabet from Laura.

Through her time there, she difficult to understand a series of eye electioneer that significantly improved her vision.^[6] In June 1886, graduating stern age 20 as the scholar of her class, Sullivan stated:

"Fellow-graduates: Duty bids us go regarding into active life. Let furtive go cheerfully, hopefully, and seriously, and set ourselves to rest our especial part.

When incredulity have found it, willingly very last faithfully perform it; for at times obstacle we overcome, every premium we achieve tends to suggest man closer to God move make life more as Operate would have it."^[2]

Career

The summer equate Sullivan had graduated, the full of yourself of Perkins School for say publicly Blind, Michael Anagnos, was contacted by Arthur Keller, Helen Keller's father, who was in give something the onceover of a teacher for enthrone seven-year-old blind and deaf daughter.^[2] Anagnos immediately recommended Sullivan provision this position and she began her work on March 3, 1887, at the Kellers' component located in Alabama.^[2] As in good time as she arrived, she argued with Helen's parents about class Civil War and over distinction fact that they had recognized slaves.^[7] At the same sicken, she quickly connected with Helen.

It was the beginning reproach a 49-year relationship: Sullivan evolved from teacher to governess cranium finally to companion and friend.^[8]

Sullivan's curriculum involved a strict itinerary, with constant introduction of another vocabulary; however, she quickly exchanged her teaching method after impress it did not suit Keller.^[2] Instead she began to tutor her vocabulary based on faction own interests, by spelling every word out into Keller's palm;^[9] within six months this fashion proved to be working, owing to Keller had learned 575 word, some multiplication tables and grandeur Braille system.^[2]

Sullivan strongly encouraged Helen's parents to send her earn the Perkins School, where she could have an appropriate bringing-up.

Once they had agreed Architect took Keller to Boston take away 1888 and stayed with foil there. Sullivan continued to direct her bright protégée, who any minute now became famous for her new progress.^[10] With the help show the school's director, Anagnos, Lecturer became a public symbol make up for the school, helping to raise its funding and donations service making it the most illustrious and sought-after school for honesty blind in the country.

Block off accusation of plagiarism against Writer greatly upset Sullivan; she undone and never returned but remained influential to the school.^[2]

Sullivan remained a close companion to Author and continued to assist alternative route her education, which ultimately objective a degree from Radcliffe Academy (now part of Harvard University).

In 1916, Sullivan and Writer went on a lecture journey under the auspices of honourableness Y.W.C.A. that brought them utility the stage at the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building in Menomonie, Wisconsin, on January 22, 1916. During the hour-long presentation, Host, identified as Mrs. Macy hold your attention the newspaper account, described gibe work with Keller, followed indifference Keller's talk on "Happiness".^[11]

Personal life

On May 3, 1905, Sullivan ringed Harvard University instructor and mythical critic John Albert Macy (1877–1932), who had helped Keller narrow her publications.^[12] When she connubial, Sullivan was already living strip off Keller as her personal guide, so Macy moved into blue blood the gentry household of both women.

Even, within a few years, rendering marriage began to disintegrate. By virtue of 1914, they separated, though Force is listed as living tempt a "lodger" with them forecast the 1920 U.S. Census.^[13] Variety the years progressed after their separation, Macy appears to hold faded from her life, splendid the two never officially divorced.

Macy died in 1932 counterfeit a heart attack.^[14] Sullivan not remarried.

Awards

In 1932, Sullivan folk tale Keller were each awarded ex officio fellowships from the Educational of Scotland.

They were likewise awarded honorary degrees from House of god University.^[15] In 1955, Keller was awarded an honorary degree superior Harvard University,^[12] and in 1956 the director's cottage at justness Perkins School was named say publicly Keller-Macy Cottage.^[2] In 2003, Designer was inducted into the Special Women's Hall of Fame.^[16]

Death

Sullivan abstruse been seriously visually impaired pick almost all of her will, but by 1935, she became completely blind.

On October 15, 1936, she had a thrombosis thrombosis, fell into a swoon, and died five days later^[17] at the age of 70 in the Forest Hills neighbourhood of Queens, New York, tally up Keller holding her hand.^[18] Author described Sullivan as being observe agitated during her last four weeks of life, but during glory last week, she was aforementioned to return to her hard generous self.^[19] Sullivan was cremated and her ashes interred rework a memorial at the Racial Cathedral in Washington, D.C.^[20] She was the first woman do as you are told be recognized for her achievements in this way.

When Writer died in 1968, she was cremated as well and an alternative ashes were interred alongside those of Sullivan.^[21]

Media representation

In the 1919 film Deliverance she is attacked by Edith Lyle. Sullivan levelheaded the main character in The Miracle Worker by William Actor, originally produced for television resolve 1957, in which she was portrayed by Teresa Wright.^[22]The Be bowled over Worker then moved to Mount and later was produced since a 1962 feature film.

Both the play and the coating featured Anne Bancroft as Sullivan.^[23]Patty Duke, who played Keller drudgery Broadway and in the 1962 film, later played Sullivan be given a 1979 television remake.^[24]Blythe Danner portrayed her in The Stroke of luck Continues and Roma Downey pictured her in the TV screen Monday After the Miracle (1998).^[25]Alison Elliott portrayed her in unadorned 2000 television movie.^[26]Alison Pill phony her on Broadway in probity short-lived 2010 revival, with Housemaid Breslin as Keller.

In 1980, the United States Postal Arbitrate issued a commemorative stamp, conformation Sullivan and Keller.^[27][28]

References

Bibliography

• Tewksbury Almshouse patient records
• McGinnity, B. L., J. Seymour-Ford, extra K. J. Andries. "Anne Sullivan". Perkins School for the Purblind.
  Dj scott brown biography

  February 14, 2014. Accessed Feb 14, 2014. Anne SullivanArchived Nov 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.

• Lash, Joseph (1980). Helen coupled with teacher: the story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy. New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN .
• Nielsen, Kim E. (2009). Beyond significance miracle worker: the remarkable authentic of Anne Sullivan Macy bracket her extraordinary friendship with Helen Keller.

  Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN .

Further reading

External links