Gwoya jungarai biography of martin

First named Aboriginal person grandeur an Australian stamp

Gwoya Tjungurrayi (c. 1895 – 28 March 1965), as well spelt Gwoja Tjungarrayi, Gwoya Jungarai, and Gwoya Djungarai, and besides known by his nickname One Pound Jimmy, is known cart being the first Aboriginal obtain to be featured on unmixed Australian postage stamp, in 1950, although his name was not quite used to describe the effigy on the stamp.

A subsister of the 1928 Coniston annihilating in the Northern Territory, no problem later became an elder most recent lawman of his people. Depiction name Gwoya, is a non-Indigenous rendering of the Anmatyerr dialogue 'Kwatye', meaning 'water' or 'rain'.

The electoral division of Gwoja was named after him.

Biography

Tjungurrayi was born around 1895^[1] blessed the Tanami Desert of depiction Northern Territory, 200 km (120 mi) northwest of Alice Springs, in distinction region surrounding Coniston Station.^[2] Pacify was a Walpiri and Anmatyerre man.^[3][1]

As pastoralism expanded bring the region during the completely 1900s, encroaching further into Tjungurrayi's ancestral country, tensions intensified on the drought of the Decennium, with increasing competition over distilled water and food.^[4] He survived ethics Coniston Massacre in the at that time Territory of Central Australia control 1928,^[1] although accounts of wreath survival differ:^[4]

One claimed his daddy was taken prisoner by Cop Murray, escaped and fled secondhand goods his family to the Arltunga region east of Alice Springs.

Another described Tjungurrayi "worm[ing] king way out from among excellence dead and dying' at Yurrkuru to 'narrowly escape death do too much a hail of rifle enthusiasm poured at him by men".
Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri's oral account advance his step-father's capture and subterfuge records that a mounted flatfoot arrested and chained him shunt before "carry him 'round put your name down show'm every soakage.

They walk out on him... tied up on a-okay tree, big chain... they jam leg chain too... Then the whole world go out and shoot go backwards the people... They come bet on a support and see him – nothing! This chain he broke'm added a big rock and noteworthy take off... to mine...".

After rendering massacre, Tjungurrayi spent time impede Alyawarre country near Arltunga.^[5] Let go worked as a miner learn the Arltunga gold mine move the mica mines in picture eastern Harts Range, before poignant on and working for pastoralists at Napperby, Hamilton Downs, take Mount Wedge Stations.

His existence as a stockman and abode hand lasted 20 years.^[1] Tjungurrayi also made and sold boomerangs.^[5]

In the 1930s, Tjungurrayi and fulfil family lived near the heed depot near Jay Creek. They trapped dingoes, selling their skins to the depot.

They later moved pick up Hamilton Downs Station.^[5]

Names

Tjungurrayi's first nickname, Gwoja, is a rendering deal in the Anmatyerr word Kwaty boss around Kwatye, meaning "water".^[2] His stay fresh name reflects his skin designation Tjungurrayi, also known as Kngwarray in Anmatyerr.

Recent sources term his name Gwoja Tjungarrayi,^[1][3] though the spelling Gwoya Jungarai was used by Australia Post,^[2] Gwoya Tjungurrayi and Gwoya Djungarai scheme also been recorded.^[3]

Some sources rescue that his nickname "One Pulsate Jimmy" comes from his vend of boomerangs for one Denizen pound,^[5] as whenever asked exhibition much one of his dregs were, he would answer "One pound, boss".^[6][a] However the soubriquet is deemed offensive by boggy today.^[1]

Tjungurrayi as a national symbol

Tjungurrayi came to public concentration when photographer Roy Dunstan took a striking portrait of him in 1935, under the dominion of a young tourism chief executive officer from Melbourne, Charles H.

Writer, who described the encounter:^[8]

During grand visit to the Spotted Mortal mica mine out east exhaust Alice Springs, I once reduce as fine a specimen countless Aboriginal manhood as you would wish to see. Tall shaft lithe, with a particularly to the surface torso, broad fore head, irritating features and the superb mode of the unspoiled primitive savage, he rejoiced under the reputation of "One Pound Jimmy".

The coming out was used as the screen of a new tourism paper called Walkabout in September 1936.^[1] It drew such a tolerate that the magazine's editors insist that Tjungurrayi be rewarded soak the Department of Internal Setting, with a gift of inhabitation equipment, including a camp oven.^[9] He featured on the disappear of the September 1950 footsteps of the same magazine, description description reading "Australian Aboriginal".^[1] Dunstan's original photograph of Tjungurrayi standing others taken during their under enemy control featured in magazines and inopportune central Australian tourism campaigns.

Character claimed he used the counterparts repeatedly presenting Jimmy as regular "symbol of a vanishing race".^[4]

Tjungurrayi also appeared on the succeed of Dawn, a magazine mean Aboriginal people in New Southmost Wales, in 1954.^[4]

With the likenesss leading to international recognition, humans regularly travelled to central Land seeking Tjungurrayi's autograph or grading.

Newspaper reports suggest the control was unwanted by Tjungurrayi, who was working at Central A good deal Wedge Station at the time.^[10] He even shaved off dominion beard at one stage understanding be less recognisable.^[11][12]

In 1950 interpretation image was used on alteration 8½ pence stamp and topping 2 shillings and 6 pence (half crown) stamp,^[13][1] which easy Tjungurrayi was the first Earliest person, as well as justness first living Australian, to come out on an Australian postage stamp.^[3] The stamp was re-released forecast 1952,^[5] and over 99 cardinal of the stamps were put up for sale between 1950 and 1966.^[3] Notwithstanding, in 2021 it was determined that his image was reproduced on an even earlier impress – a stamp released boast 1938 to celebrate the period of Geelong.

This stamp was only a collector's item duct there was no decimal dent printed on it.^[1]

Tjungurrayi's image was used anonymously on the 1938 stamp, and he was grouchy described as "an Aborigine" classification the 1950 one.^[3]

Tjungurrayi appeared glassy the cover of Walkabout continue in September 1950.^[4]

Later life, stain and legacy

Tjungurrayi was respected renovation an elder and lawman type his people in later life,^[3] continuing to live in grandeur Tanami region.

He died in attendance on 28 March 1965. Unwind is thought to have antiquated over 70 at the offend of his death. His eulogy appeared in the Northern Habitation News and on the facade page of the Centralian Advocate,^[14] a rare honour for mar Aboriginal person at that time.^[5]

The design of the Australian two-dollar coin was inspired by natty drawing of Tjungurrayi by bravura Ainslie Roberts in 1988.^[15][16]

The Yankee Territory Electoral division of Gwoja, created in 2019, was called after Tjungurrayi.^[17][18][1]

Family

Tjungurrayi and his helpmeet Long Rose Nagnala, whom proceed met at Napperby,^[1] had iii sons,^[5]Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri, Clifford Opossum Tjapaltjarri, both notable artists,^[1] service Immanuel Rutjinama Tjapaltjarri who became a Lutheran pastor.^[5]

Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri's work Ancestor Dreaming was character subject of another Australian hallmark in 1988;^[2][1] unlike the concentrated of his father's image, Tim's name was used and fiasco was celebrated as a predominant artist.^[3]

Notes

Further reading

References